Variable | Physicians who did not sign up, n = 707 | Physicians who signed up, n = 237 | Total, n = 944 | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Physician characteristics | ||||
 Sex | ||||
  Female | 181 (25.6%) | 59 (24.9%) | 240 (25.4%) | 0.83 |
  Male | 526 (74.4%) | 178 (75.1%) | 704 (74.6%) | |
 Age (mean ± SD) | 57.60 ± 11.16 | 56.98 ± 10.66 | 57.45 ± 11.03 | 0.45 |
 Years practicing (mean ± SD) | 30.93 ± 12.06 | 30.40 ± 11.37 | 30.80 ± 11.89 | 0.546 |
 Medical graduate location | ||||
  Foreign graduate | 149 (21.1%) | 34 (14.3%) | 183 (19.4%) | 0.02 |
  Canadian graduate | 558 (78.9%) | 203 (85.7%) | 761 (80.6%) | |
 Number of LTC residents per month (mean ± SD) | 49.63 ± 53.38 | 66.35 ± 57.77 | 53.83 ± 54.97 | < .001 |
 Number of LTC billings per month (mean ± SD) | 88.54 ± 114.37 | 127.72 ± 162.45 | 98.49 ± 129.33 | < .001 |
 Percent of total billings in month in LTC (mean ± SD) | 17.65 ± 24.22 | 26.87 ± 28.40 | 19.99 ± 25.65 | < .001 |
Nursing home characteristics | ||||
 Number of beds in primary LTC home (mean ± SD) | 128 (88–179) | 150 (97–200) | 128 (90–189) | < .001 |
 Setting of primary LTC home | ||||
  Urban | 539 (76.2%) | 201 (84.8%) | 740 (78.4%) | 0.01 |
  Rural | 168 (23.8%) | 36 (15.2%) | 204 (21.6%) | |
 Ownership status of primary LTC home | ||||
  Non-profit | 329 (46.5%) | 114 (48.1%) | 443 (46.9%) | 0.346 |
  Profit | 372 (52.6%) | 123 (51.9%) | 495 (52.4%) | |
  Unknown | 6 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (0.6%) | |
Resident characteristics | n = 35,091 | n = 15,726 | n = 50,817 |  |
 Sex | ||||
  Female | 25,335 (72.2%) | 11,308 (71.9%) | 36,643 (72.1%) | 0.498 |
  Male | 9756 (27.8%) | 4418 (28.1%) | 14,174 (27.9%) | |
 Age (mean ± SD) | 86.4 ± 7.5 | 86.4 ± 7.5 | 86.4 ± 7.5 | 0.731 |
 Time in LTC (cat.) | ||||
  < 1 year | 7223 (20.6%) | 3370 (21.4%) | 10,593 (20.8%) | 0.03 |
  1–4 years | 18,746 (53.4%) | 8387 (53.3%) | 27,133 (53.4%) | |
  5–9 years | 7386 (21.0%) | 3167 (20.1%) | 10,553 (20.8%) | |
  10+ years | 1736 (4.9%) | 802 (5.1%) | 2538 (5.0%) | |
 Charlson comorbidity score (mean ± SD) | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.9 ± 1.4 | 0.9 ± 1.5 | 0.233 |
 Diabetes* | 9413 (26.8%) | 4060 (25.8%) | 13,473 (26.5%) | 0.017 |
 Hypertension* | 23,137 (65.9%) | 10,320 (65.6%) | 33,457 (65.8%) | 0.495 |
 Arteriosclerotic heart disease* | 5501 (15.7%) | 2294 (14.6%) | 7795 (15.3%) | 0.002 |
 Congestive heart failure* | 3886 (11.1%) | 1648 (10.5%) | 5534 (10.9%) | 0.047 |
 Peripheral vascular disease* | 1935 (5.5%) | 892 (5.7%) | 2827 (5.6%) | 0.473 |
 Deep vein thrombosis* | 447 (1.3%) | 196 (1.2%) | 643 (1.3%) | 0.798 |
 Cardiac dysrhythmia* | 2449 (7.0%) | 1148 (7.3%) | 3597 (7.1%) | 0.192 |
 Alzheimer’s or dementia* | 24,057 (68.6%) | 11,018 (70.1%) | 35,075 (69.0%) | < .001 |
 Cancer* | 2950 (8.4%) | 1306 (8.3%) | 4256 (8.4%) | 0.701 |
 Obstructive airway disease* | 6073 (17.3%) | 2674 (17.0%) | 8747 (17.2%) | 0.403 |
 Depression* | 11,793 (33.6%) | 5168 (32.9%) | 16,961 (33.4%) | 0.1 |
 Psychosis* | 1603 (4.6%) | 725 (4.6%) | 2328 (4.6%) | 0.834 |
 Arthritis* | 480 (1.4%) | 238 (1.5%) | 718 (1.4%) | 0.199 |
 Parkinson’s disease* | 2533 (7.2%) | 1156 (7.4%) | 3689 (7.3%) | 0.595 |
 Level of function (activities of daily living)* (mean ± SD) | 16.9 ± 7.2 | 16.9 ± 7.4 | 16.9 ± 7.3 | 0.603 |
 Pain score* (mean ± SD) | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | 0.901 |
 Depression rating score* (mean ± SD) | 2.0 ± 2.4 | 2.1 ± 2.4 | 2.0 ± 2.4 | < .001 |
 Likelihood of falls scale* | ||||
  Low risk of falls | 29,535 (84.2%) | 13,116 (83.4%) | 42,651 (83.9%) | 0.03 |
  Medium/high risk of falls | 5556 (15.8%) | 2610 (16.6%) | 8166 (16.1%) | |
 Aggressive behavior scale* (mean ± SD) | 1.4 ± 2.1 | 1.5 ± 2.3 | 1.4 ± 2.2 | < .001 |
 Frailty index* | ||||
  Robust (score < 0.2) | 5319 (15.2%) | 2385 (15.2%) | 7704 (15.2%) | 0.307 |
  Pre-frail (score = 0.2 to 0.3) | 10,773 (30.7%) | 4725 (30.0%) | 15,498 (30.5%) | |
  Frail (score > 0.3) | 18,999 (54.1%) | 8616 (54.8%) | 27,615 (54.3%) | |
 ED visits in past year | 12,862 (36.7%) | 5570 (35.4%) | 18,432 (36.3%) | 0.007 |
  Mean ± SD | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.7 ± 1.4 | 0.127 |
 Any inpatient hospitalizations in past year | 6520 (18.6%) | 2861 (18.2%) | 9381 (18.5%) | 0.298 |
 Any psychiatric consult in past year | 4498 (12.8%) | 2029 (12.9%) | 6527 (12.8%) | 0.793 |
 Any geriatric consult in past year | 2031 (5.8%) | 922 (5.9%) | 2953 (5.8%) | 0.738 |
 Any antipsychotic use | 9596 (27.3%) | 4178 (26.6%) | 13,774 (27.1%) | 0.068 |
 Any statin use | 6209 (17.7%) | 2551 (16.2%) | 8760 (17.2%) | < .001 |
 Any benzodiazepine use | 4359 (12.4%) | 1809 (11.5%) | 6168 (12.1%) | 0.003 |