Table 1 Study characteristics of included studies
From: Champions for improved adherence to guidelines in long-term care homes: a systematic review
| Study, Year, Country | Design | Target Behaviour—implementation of: | Comparison | Intervention | Outcomes Assessed | Risk of bias | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Staff adherence | Resident clinical outcome | Resident QoL | Adverse events | Resource use | ||||||
|
Beekman 2013 [47] Belgium | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | A pressure ulcer clinical decision-making support system | No intervention+ education | Champion + decision support + education + monitoring and feedback + reminders | Y | Y | N | N | N | H |
|
Chami 2012 France [41] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | A hygiene encouragement programme to reduce infection rates | No intervention | Champion + education + reminders + resources | N | Y | N | N | N | H |
|
DeVisschere 2012 Bekgium [5] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | An oral hygiene guideline | No intervention | Champion + education + oral health care products | N | Y | N | N | N | H |
|
Gaskill 2009 Australia [37] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | A malnutrition risk assessment and strategies to reduce malnutrition levels | No intervention+ Posters | Champion + education + reminders + risk assessment tools | N | Y | N | N | N | H |
|
Livingston 2019 UK [44] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | Managing agitation and raising quality of life in people with dementia | No intervention | Champion + Education + role play/practice + progress monitoring forms | N | Y | Y | N | Y | H |
|
MacEntee 2007 Canada [40] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | An oral health-related education programme | No intervention+ education | Champion + education + nurse educator | N | Y | N | N | N | H |
|
McCabe 2013 Australia [38] | Randomised controlled trial | A depression recognition programme | No intervention |
Arm 1: Training Arm 2: Champion + training | Y | N | N | N | N | H |
|
Resnick 2011 USA [6] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | A protocol to reduce functional decline | No intervention+ education | Champion + education + goal setting + mentoring and motivation | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | H |
|
Siddiqi 2016 UK [45] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | A protocol for delirium prevention and management | No intervention | Champion + education | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | H |
|
Van den Block 2019 Multiple | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | A programme to incorporate nonspecialist palliative care in nursing homes | No intervention | Champion + train-the-trainer model | N | Y | N | N | N | H |
|
Van der Putten 2013 Netherlands [42] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | An oral health programme | No intervention | Champion + train-the-trainer model | N | Y | N | N | N | H |
|
Van de Ven 2013 Netherlands [43] | Cluster-randomised controlled trial | A dementia care mapping guideline to identify triggers of well/ill-being of residents | No intervention | Champion + education + audit and feedback + action plans | N | Y | Y | N | N | H |