Tradition | Definition |
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Participatory Research | In participatory research the community is part of shaping the research agenda; community members work with researchers on the research itself and on implementation of the agenda [18]. |
Integrated Knowledge Translation | As defined on the Integrated Knowledge Translation Research Network website, ‘Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) is a model of collaborative research, where researchers work with knowledge users who identify a problem and are in a position to act on the research findings [19].’ In short, it is about doing research with the people who use it. |
Engaged Scholarship | Similar to the traditions above, Engaged Scholarship engages communities with researchers at multiple stages of the research process and focuses on issues that are important to a community. A community may be geographic or a community of interest (e.g., patient engagement in research that affects them) [20]. |
Mode 2 Research | Mode 2 research is a transdisciplinary approach to research on development problems that engages both researchers and practitioners without strict hierarchy or fixed approaches in the research. The research is co-produced with people who work and live in the domain of the research [21, 22]. |
Community Academic Partnership | Community-academic partnerships optimize the engagement of academic and community resources thereby increasing the pertinence of academic research and trust in findings in the community. Community-academic partnerships support diverse solutions to meet the needs of specific communities [23]. |
Research Co-Production | Research co-production is an umbrella term. The term is used to describe the process of researchers working with research users to create and conduct research together. The aim of research co-production is to bring multiple perspectives into setting research questions and into decision-making about the how the research is done, so that the work reflects the needs of those who will use it [24]. |