CFIR Domain and constructs | Facilitators | Barriers |
---|---|---|
I. Intervention characteristics | ||
A. Intervention source | ・Voluntary motivation to promote employees’ health and externally provided referral which was matched their needs [Interviews] | |
B. Evidence strength and quality | ・The employer’s perception of the effectiveness of the activities [Interviews] | |
C. Relative advantage | ・Recognition of its relative advantages over other topics within NCD prevention [Interviews] | |
F. Complexities | ・Recognition of its easiness to adopt [Interviews] [Focus groups] | |
II. Outer setting | ||
A. Needs and resources of those served by the organization | ・Embedded system to understand employees’ needs [Interviews] | ・Resistance of smokers in case of tobacco control activities [Interviews] [Focus groups] |
B. Cosmopolitanism | ・Networking with other companies [Interviews] | |
C. Peer pressure | ・Existence of companies in a competitive relationship [Interviews] [Focus groups] | |
D. External policy and incentives | ・Legal obligation, the certification of WHP activities [Interviews] | |
III. Inner setting | ||
A. Structural characteristics | ・The smaller company size [Focus groups] | |
B. Networks and communications | ・Formal (e.g., health committees) and/or unformal communication (e.g., feedback shared during daily communication) [Interviews] [Focus groups] ・Relationships of mutual trust between the employer and the employees [Interviews] | |
C. Culture | ・ Family like culture in the workplace [Interviews] | |
D. Implementation climate | ||
1. Tension for change | ・The sense of urgency for change regarding health promotion of employees [Interviews] | ・A lack of motivation or sense of urgency to implement WHP activities now [Interviews] |
2. Compatibility | ・Alignment with employees’ business processes [Interviews] | ・The time to spend the WHP activities [Interviews] |
3. Relative priority | ・Higher prioritization of WHP activities [Interviews] | ・ Lower priority compared to customer-focused activities or productivity [Interviews] |
4. Organizational incentives and rewards | ・Praising the participants of WHP activities in a meeting [Interviews] | |
5. Goals and feedback | ・Creation of a common understanding of the goals and objectives for WHP activities among all employees [Interviews] | |
6. Learning climate | ・The employer’s perception that the health manager(s) is an indispensable and knowledgeable person in the WHP implementation [Interviews] | |
E. Readiness for implementation | ||
1. Leadership engagement | ・Communicating the company's philosophy linked to the WHP to all the employees [Interviews] [Focus groups] ・Supporting those who are engaging the implementation [Interviews] | ・Limited provision of resources and support from the employer [Interviews] |
3. Access to knowledge and information | ・Access to external knowledge and information, such as participation in study sessions and support from JAIH health nurses [Interviews] | ・Limited access to external knowledge and information made it difficult [Interviews] |
IV. Characteristics of individuals | ||
A. Knowledge and beliefs about the innovation | ・Awareness to conduct WHP activities as part of their regular task [Interviews] | ・Employer or health manager’s beliefs that people need to take full responsibility for their own health [Interviews] |
B. Self-efficacy | ・Health manager’s self-efficacy as a result of the employer's entrusting him/her with health promotion [Interviews] | |
D. Individual identification with organization | ・Relationships of mutual trust between the employer and the employees [Interviews] | |
E. Other personal attributes | ・Health manager’s skills and authority [Focus groups] | |
V. Process | ||
1. Opinion leaders | ・Involvement of a person who has a strong influential power in the company [Interviews] | |
2. Formally appointed internal implementation leaders | ・Existence of health manager formally appointed by the employer to implement WHP activities [Interviews] | ・Absence of health manager formally appointed by the employer to implement WHP activities [Interviews] |
3. Champions | ・Involving front-line champions [Focus groups] | |
4. External change agents | ・Support from public health nurses or nutritionists at JHIA [Interviews] | |
D. Reflecting and evaluating | ・Personal reflection by health managers using annual health report by JHIA [Interviews] |