Table 2 Summary of included studies (n = 35)
From: The effectiveness of champions in implementing innovations in health care: a systematic review
Characteristic | N (%) of studies or frequency (%)b | |
|---|---|---|
Publication year | 2010–2020 | 24 (68.6%) |
2000–2010 | 10 (28.6%) | |
1997 | 1 (2.9%) | |
Country | United States of America | 22 (62.9%) |
Canada | 5 (14.3%) | |
England | 1 (2.9%) | |
India | 1 (2.9%) | |
Israel | 1 (2.9%) | |
Italy | 1 (2.9%) | |
Taiwan | 1 (2.9%) | |
Uganda | 1 (2.9%) | |
United States of America and Puerto Rico | 1 (2.9%) | |
“18 European countries” | 1 (2.9%) | |
Settinga | Acute care/tertiary | 20 (57.1%) |
Primary | 11 (31.4%) | |
Community/Home | 4 (11.4%) | |
Long-term Care | 2 (5.7%) | |
Number of settings/institutions | One setting/institution | 3 (8.6%) |
2–10 settings/institutions | 2 (5.7%) | |
11–50 settings/institutions | 11 (31.4%) | |
51–100 settings/institutions | 3 (8.6%) | |
101–500 settings/institutions | 10 (28.6%) | |
> 500 settings/institutions | 2 (5.7%) | |
Not reported | 4 (11.4%) | |
Study design | Cross-sectional | 23 (65.7%) |
Interrupted time series | 3 (8.6%) | |
Non-controlled before and after | 3 (8.6%) | |
Cohort | 2 (5.7%) | |
Mixed methods (qualitative interview and cross-sectional) | 1 (2.9%) | |
Case control | 1 (2.9%) | |
Cluster randomised trial | 1 (2.9%) | |
Mixed methods (qualitative interview and cohort) | 1 (2.9%) | |
Study participantsa | Health care providers | 17 (48.6%) |
Patients | 8 (22.9%) | |
Managers or administrators | 5 (14.3%) | |
Not reported | 7 (20%) | |
Sample size | 1–100 | 2 (5.6%) |
101–500 | 13 (36.1%) | |
501–1000 | 7 (19.4%) | |
> 1000 | 6 (16.7%) | |
Not reported | 8 (22.2%) | |
Sex and gender of study participants | Reported sex (n = # studies) | 3 (8.3%) |
Female | 5052/8305 (60.8%)b | |
Male | 3253/8305 (39.2%)b | |
Sex category interpreted as sex by extractor | 3/3 (100%) | |
Reported gender identity (n = # studies) | 10 (27.8%) | |
Female | 5228/7026 (74.4%)b | |
Male | 1771/7026 (25.2%)b | |
Non-binary | 1/7026 (0.0%)b | |
Missing/Not reported | 26/7026 (0.4%)b | |
Gender identity interpreted as sex by extractor | 9/10 (90%) | |
Gender identity interpreted as gender by extractor | 1/10 (10%) | |
Study did not specify if reported category was sex or gender identity (n = #studies) | 2 (5.26%) | |
Male | 3992/7047 (56.6%) | |
Female | 3055/7047 (43.3%) | |
Interpreted as sex | 2/2 (100%) | |
No report of sex or gender (n = #studies) | 21 (58.3%) | |