Table 1 Implementation outcomes and their description

Fidelity

Fidelity is the competency of program trainers and providers to deliver the parent skills training program in the manner in which it was intended to be delivered.

Acceptability

Acceptability is the perception of program trainers, providers, and consumers that the program (content, mode of delivery, and delivery agent) was relevant, suitable, and satisfactory.

Feasibility

Feasibility is the ease of access to parent skills training program resources, participation in the training sessions, and adoption of program strategies by providers and consumers.

Appropriateness

Appropriateness is the perception of “program trainers, providers, and consumers” that the program is useful for its state purpose.

Reach^a

Reach is the proportion of the caregivers who received the parent skills training program delivered by family volunteers.

Effectiveness^a

Effectiveness is the impact of parent skills training program on child and caregivers’ clinical outcomes including child’s functioning, socio-emotional development, and caregivers’ quality of life

Adoption^a

Adoption is the proportion of participants (both provider and consumers) who agreed to (i) participate and continue to implement the parent skills training program and (ii) promote/disseminate the program to other families of their community.

Implementation^a

Implementation is the extent to which the parent skills training program was delivered consistently with fidelity by the providers and the cost of the program implementation.

Maintenance^a

Maintenance is the long-term treatment effect of the parent skills training program on both caregivers and children (such as 2 years after the implementation of the parent skills training program)