Table 2 Guiding Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and integrated implementation construct descriptions

Readiness for implementation: available resources

The level of resources dedicated for implementation and ongoing operations, including money, training, education, physical space, and time

Funding environment

Integrated health and social services are supported by financing mechanisms that fund services and allow braiding or blending of funds with flexibility in the use of funds to achieve population health goals [2, 11,12,13,14]. Integrated services also may be supported by partner agencies that receive funding to provide training and technical assistance to assist clinics to adapt clinical workflows.

Readiness for implementation: access to knowledge and information

Ease of access to digestible information and knowledge about the intervention and how to incorporate it into work tasks

Governance structure

Cooperation between and within organizations to support integrated health care delivery requires governance structures that promote coordination, joint planning, shared priorities, and a common understanding of accountability for patient care among staff [11, 15,16,17].

Information sharing

Information flow in a clinical setting is necessary for integrated health care delivery and is supported by the presence of a secure, accessible platform for storing and sharing health care information, consistent documentation, and a structured plan to facilitate seamless communication among health system care providers [11, 13, 18].

Readiness for implementation: leadership engagement

Commitment, involvement, and accountability of leaders and managers with the implementation

Leadership support

Leadership recognition of the importance of integration and provision of tangible support and resources are influential in the adoption and implementation of care integration [19,20,21,22,23,24].