Table 5 Adaptations of Prolonged Exposure Therapy
Study author, year | Country | Population | Reason for adaptation | Who was involved in adaptation | FRAME categories | Content adaptations | Contextual adaptations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aderka, Appelbaum-Namdar, et al., 2011 [44] | Israel | 8–17-year-old children who experienced trauma | Improve fit | Researchers, therapists, and community members | − Adding elements − Population − Shortening/condensing − Tailoring/tweaking/refining | − Added developmentally appropriate activities (e.g., inclusion of drawing, writing, and games) − Involved caregivers − Option included to replace or augment procedures based on the developmental/emotional needs of the adolescent − Simplified language and material for younger adolescents − Session time decreased or breaks given for younger adolescents − Social/developmental challenges faced by adolescents incorporated | − Population changed to children |
Aderka, Foa, et al., 2011 [43] | Israel | 8–18-year-old children who experienced trauma | Improve fit | Researchers, therapists, and community members | |||
Brown et al., 2019 [45] | USA | 15.3-year-old (on average) girls who experienced sexual assault | Improve fit | Researchers, therapists, and community members | |||
Foa et al., 2013 [46] | USA | 15.3-year-old (on average) girls who experienced sexual abuse | Improve fit | Researchers, therapists, and community members | |||
Gilboa-Schechtman et al., 2010 [47] | Israel | 12–18-year-old children who experienced a single traumatic event | Improve fit | Researchers, therapists, and community members | |||
McLean et al., 2015 [48] | USA | 13–18-year-old girls who experienced sexual assault | Improve fit | Researchers, therapists, and community members | |||
McLean et al., 2017 [49] | USA | 13–18-year-old girls who experienced sexual assault | Improve fit | Researchers, therapists, and community members | |||
Adler Nevo & Manassis, 2011 [50] | Canada | 10.8-year-old (on average) children who experienced trauma | Improve fit | Not listed | − Adding elements − Population − Shortening/condensing − Tailoring/tweaking/refining | − Added activities (e.g., drawing and playing), which could be tailored based on the age of the child − Involved caregivers − Modular rather than session-based, so multiple modules could be presented in one session | − Population changed to children |