Table 1 Intervention components, adaptations, and justification
Intervention | Adaptation | Justification |
|---|---|---|
1. Ask all patients if they smoke 2. Advise smokers to quit 3. Assist with brief counseling | ▪ Added specific health risks of cigarette and dual use among HIV patients to provider-delivered advice and brief counseling | ▪ High rates of dual use in this among this patient population in Vietnam. ▪ Lack of patient knowledge about the risks of tobacco use in general and specific impact on HIV-related health outcomes. |
Quitline counseling | No content modifications | Study design compares multisession cessation counseling tailored to PLWH to the usual care service of the Quitline. |
Nurse-delivered 6-session counseling intervention | Integrated content from Positively Smoke Free [47, 48]. Used findings to further address individual, sociocultural, structural, and interpersonal factors that influence tobacco use in this population | Changes to manual to address theory-driven barriers to quitting among PLWH who smoke (e.g., build culturally appropriate refusal skills to address smoking norms among peers, and coworkers). |
Text messages (SMS) | ▪ SMS program added to arms 2 and 3 ▪ SMS library content tailored to align with counseling session content [49] | Maintain motivation and engagement in between sessions and reinforce session content. |
NRT | ▪ Replaced patch with gum and extended to 6 weeks | ▪ Patches are not available in Vietnam; therefore, gum is a sustainable alternative |