The effectiveness of implementation strategies in improving preconception and antenatal preventive care: a systematic review

Table 3 Summary of risk of bias for non-randomised studies

Study	Selection				Comparability	Outcome			Total score
Study	Representativeness of the sample in the intervention group/s: Max: ٭	Selection of the control group/s: Max: ٭	Non-respondents: Max: ٭	Demonstration of outcome of interest at start of study: Max: ٭	Comparability of intervention and control groups on the basis of the design or analysis Max:٭٭	Assessment of outcome: Max: ٭	Follow-up long enough for the outcome of interest to occur: Max: ٭	Statistical test for outcome of interest: Max: ٭	Total score (out of 9)
Aguilera et al. (2017) [49]	٭	٭	-	٭	٭	-	-	-	٭٭٭٭ (4)
Bazzo et al. (2015) [75]	٭	٭	-	-	-	-	٭	٭	(4) ٭٭٭٭
Malta et al. (2016) [50]	٭	-	٭	-	-	-	٭	-	(3) ٭٭٭
Mwansa-Kambafwile et al. (2011) [76]	٭	٭	-	٭	٭	-	٭	٭	(6) ٭٭٭٭٭٭

Based on a star system (*) with a range of 0 to 9 stars possible. Three domains are tested: (1) selection of study groups (up to one star allowed for each item), (2) comparability of the groups (up to two stars allowed), and (3) outcomes (up to one star allowed for each item) [61]

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