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Table 2 Summary of latent difference and crude score models for the ILS (N = 22)

From: Perceptual differences in nursing implementation leadership and climate: a cross-sectional study

 

LDS differencea

Crude differenceb

b

SE

p

b

SE

p

Total ILS score latent difference

 Nurse manager ILS score

−.164

.053

.002

−1.25

.326

<.001

 Years as RN

−.096

.053

.101

−.031

.050

.540

 Years as RN on unit

.029

.028

.592

−.009

.055

.870

 Education

−1.41

.481

.051

−.396

.702

.580

LDS mean = .022 (SE = .163), p = .890 (baseline model)

LDS variance = .515 (SE = .153), p = .011 (baseline model)

Adj. R-square=.436

Proactive leadership

 Nurse manager ILS score

−.385

.074

<.001

−1.10

.197

<.001

 Years as RN

−.108

.075

.147

−.021

.050

.675

 Years as RN on unit

.032

.084

.703

.012

.054

.824

 Education

−1.70

.940

.070

−.230

.687

.745

LDS mean = .268 (SE = .206), p = .193 (baseline model)

LDS variance = .757 (SE = .215), p < .001 (baseline model)

Adj. R-square=.623

Knowledgeable leadership

 Nurse manager ILS score

−.189

.069

.006

−1.06

.295

.002

 Years as RN

−.114

.057

.046

−.037

.054

.501

 Years as RN on unit

.112

.049

.023

−.003

.065

.965

 Education

−1.29

.676

.055

−.633

.714

.387

LDS mean = .329 (SE = .162), p = 042 (baseline model)

LDS variance = .576 (SE = .244), p = .018 (baseline model)

Adj. R-square=.435

Supportive leadership

 Nurse manager ILS score

−.250

.049

<.001

−1.14

.235

<.001

 Years as RN

−.092

.059

.118

−.055

.045

.236

 Years as RN on unit

−.040

.044

.567

.003

.051

.950

 Education

−1.35

.541

.064

−.505

.633

.436

LDS mean = −.300 (SE = .160), p = .060 (baseline model)

LDS variance = .585 (SE = .176), p < .001 (baseline model)

Adj. R-square=.567

Perseverant leadership

 Nurse manager ILS score

−.208

.086

.015

−1.22

.310

<.001

 Years as RN

−.066

.055

.234

−.041

.052

.445

 Years as RN on unit

.013

.056

.820

−.002

.058

.971

 Education

−1.17

.737

.110

−.567

.724

.444

LDS mean = −.196 (SE = .177), p = .270 (baseline model)

LDS variance = .580 (SE = .156), p = .002 (baseline model)

Adj. R-square=.409

  1. All models accounted for clustering at the unit and hospital level
  2. LDS latent difference score (calculated as staff score minus manager score), ILS Implementation Leadership Scale, RN registered nurse, Adj. R-square adjusted R-square
  3. aAll estimated baseline (not covariates) and fully adjusted models (covariates) are “Just-Identified” (adjusted model fit indices)
  4. bOrdinary least squares (OLS) regression (multiple linear regression) was used to model crude difference scores