Study (country) | Study design | Study setting | Population | # of sites | Implementation strategies | Outcome data type |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Amaro, 2005 [25] (USA) | Case study | Drug and alcohol, residential, outpatient and inpatient | Adult women | 5 | Staff education (e.g. staff education, manualised intervention protocols) Organisational strategies (e.g. project steering committee, establishing a shared philosophy, shared resources, routine trauma screening) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. group therapy, peer support group) | Qual |
Azeem, 2015 [34] (USA) | Case study | Psychiatric hospital, inpatient | Children | 1 | Staff education Organisational interventions (e.g. executive support and consultation, audit and feedback, routine screening, restraint reduction and prevention tools, debriefing) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. consumer involvement, calming and recreational activities) | Mixed |
Bartlett, 2016 [35] (USA) | Case study, Single group pre-post | Child welfare area offices and mental health network, community | Children | 20 | Staff education and communication (e.g. staff training, staff wellness classes) Organisational interventions (e.g. development of trauma-informed leadership teams, monthly planning meetings) Consumer-orientated strategies: (e.g. statewide implementation of three evidence-based trauma treatments using learning collaboratives, creating a welcoming space for children and families, trauma workshops for resource (foster) parents, local schools, and community providers) | Mixed |
Beidas, 2016 [23] (USA) | Case study | Behavioural health organisations, inpatient, residential, outpatient, and community | Children and adolescents | > 14 | Staff education and communication (e.g. staff training, consultation and technical assistance) Organisational strategies: (e.g. routine screening, cross-organisational collaboration, building a referral network) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. implementation of trauma-focussed therapies) | Quant |
Caldwell, 2014 [36] (USA) | Case study | Psychiatric hospital, inpatient | Children | 1b | Staff education and communication (e.g. staff supervision, new employee orientation) Organisational strategies (e.g. strategic plan, leadership support and weekly meetings, policy and procedure change, individualised treatment and safety plans, routine debriefing) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. family education, child and family inclusion in implementation) | Mixed |
Chandler, 2008 [37] (USA) | Cross-sectional | Psychiatric hospital, inpatient | Adult | 1 | Staff education (e.g. staff training) Organisational strategies (e.g. patient management plan, patient safety checklist, shared resources) | Qual |
Conover, 2015 [38] (USA) | Case series, Single group pre-post | Behavioural health organisations, setting NR | NR | 32 | Staff education (e.g. staff education and supervision, learning community) Organisational strategies (e.g. establishing an implementation team, organisational assessment, offering trauma-specific evidence-based practice) | Mixed |
Damian, 2017 [39] (USA) | Single-group pre-post | Police, social services, health, and education agencies, setting NR | All | 90a | Staff education (e.g. monthly staff training, ongoing coaching and feedback) Organisational strategies (e.g. implementation of trauma-informed care policies and practices) | Mixed |
Dike, 2020 [40] (USA) | Interrupted time series | Psychiatric hospital, inpatient | Adult | 27 | Staff education (e.g. staff training, recognition of good performance) Organisational strategies: (e.g. project steering committees, routine screening, comfort rooms, policy and procedure change, behavioural consultation service, audit and feedback, patient participation, debriefing protocols,) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. sensory modulation interventions) | Quant |
Dorr, 2019 [27] (USA) | Case study | Psychiatric hospital, inpatient | Adolescent | 1 | Staff education (e.g. staff training and supervision, role play) Organisational strategies (e.g. case review protocols, new staff hiring protocols, collaborative patient-staff problem-solving assessment process, environmental change, nominated program implementers) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. daily programming schedule which allowed patient-staff interaction) | Mixed |
Dueweke, 2019 [41] (USA) | Single group pre-post | Primary care, community | Children | 1 | Staff education Organisational strategies (e.g. availability of routine screening tools) | Mixed |
Hale, 2020 [42] (USA) | Case study | Psychiatric hospital, inpatient | Children and adolescents | 3 | Staff education (e.g. culture change, staff training and debriefing) Organisational strategies (e.g. updated policies and procedures, de-escalation techniques, case review) Consumer-orientated strategies (patient education) | Mixed |
Hall, 2016 [43] (Australia) | Single-group pre-post | Emergency departments, inpatient | All | 2 | Staff education (staff training) | Mixed |
Case series | Drug and alcohol, mental health, public health, and education services, residential, outpatient and community | Adult women | 9 | Staff education and communication (e.g. monthly-quarterly group meetings, staff training) Organisational strategies (e.g. interagency steering committee, formal voting mechanism to resolve issues) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. trauma-specific services, peer-run services, consumer involvement, trauma consultation-liaison services) | Qual | |
Jee, 2020 [46] (USA) | Single group pre-post | Primary care, community | Children | 1 | Staff education (e.g. staff training) | Mixed |
Korchmaros, 2021 [33] (USA) | Single group longitudinal | Drug and alcohol, residential | Adolescent | 1 | Staff education (e.g. staff training) Organisational strategies (e.g. steering group, agency-specific protocols, routine safety plans and red flag reviews) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. client-specific Seeking Safety groups) | Quant |
Koury, 2017 [47] (USA) | Case study | Drug and alcohol, setting NR | Adolescent | 30 | Staff education (e.g. learning collaborative, training ‘champions’, monthly consultations, resource sharing) | Qual |
Levine, 2021 [48] (Canada) | Cross-sectional | Primary care clinics, community | All | 4 | Staff education (e.g. interprofessional education sessions, group discussions) | Qual |
Loomis, 2019 [32] (USA) | Case study | Whole of city health system, all settings | All | City-wide | Staff education (e.g. learning collaborative, workforce training, monthly meetings, train-the-trainer program) Organisational strategies (e.g. leadership engagement, expert workgroup available to guide implementation, resources to promote policy and procedure change) | Qual |
Mantler, 2018 [49] (Canada) | Case series | Health services delivered within domestic violence services, community | Adult women | 3 | Organisational strategies (e.g. integration of nurse practitioner clinic within domestic violence services) | Qual |
McEvedy, 2017 [50] (Australia) | Cross-sectional | Mental health, all settings | All | 19 | Staff education (e.g. train-the-trainer program) | Qual |
McNamara, 2021 [51] (USA) | Single group pre-post | Paediatric hospital, inpatient | Children | 2 | Staff education (e.g. staff training) | Quant |
Palfrey, 2019 [52] (Australia) | Single group pre-post | Mental health, all settings | All | 102a | Staff education (e.g. staff training, regular supervision) Organisational strategies (e.g.routine screening) | Mixed |
Purbeck, 2020 [29] (USA) | Case series | Mental health and drug and alcohol, community, outpatient and residential | Children | 7 | Staff education (e.g. staff training and consultation, monthly team meetings) Organisational strategies (e.g. fostering practice-based capacities, assessing readiness, capacity building) Consumer-orientated strategies (e.g. engaging children and caregivers) | Mixed |
Sala-Hamrick, 2021 [30] (USA) | Cross-sectional | Primary care, community | Children | 1 | Staff education (e.g. staff training, collaborative creation of implementation strategy) Organisational strategies (e.g. routine screening, shared resources, data availability) | Mixed |
Simonich, 2015 [53] (USA) | Single group pre-post | All childhood services across state, system | Children | State-wide | Staff education (e.g. staff training, train-the-trainer program, annual clinician meetings) Organisational strategies (e.g. established network of trained clinicians)) | Mixed |
Tuck, 2017 [54] (USA) | Case study | Maternal health services, community | Adult women | City-wide | Staff education (e.g. staff training, coaching) Organisational strategies (e.g. working group, policy and procedure change) | Mixed |