Table 2 Implementation science outcomes table, with population of interest indicated in square brackets

Acceptability

The degree to which the mHealth components are considered reasonable and satisfactory given current context

% Consented to mobile money [PLHIV]

% Consented to biometric ID [PLHIV]

Preference for mobile money vs. cash [PLHIV]

Preference for traditional paper-based system vs. biometric ID [PLHIV and Clinical Staff]

Clinical staff perspectives on the mHealth system [Clinical Staff]

Baseline/endline survey with PLHIV

In-depth interviews

Appropriateness

The perceived fit of the mHealth system components within the existing context

HITUES [PLHIV]

Clinical staff perspectives on mHealth system [Clinical Staff]

HITUES

In-depth interviews with Clinical Staff

Adoption

The level of uptake of the mHealth system components

% With mobile money linked to mHealth at endline [PLHIV]

% Visits where the pharmacist was operating the mHealth system [Clinical Staff]

mHealth system data

Structured observations

Fidelity

The degree to which the components of the mHealth system were implemented as intended

# Visits mHealth system not used [Clinical Staff]

% Eligible receiving cash transfers [PLHIV]

% Cash transfers sent through mobile money [PLHIV]

% Mobile transfers requiring manual re-sending [PLHIV]

Structured observations

mHealth system data

Feasibility

The degree to which the technical aspects of the mHealth system functioned as intended (technology gaps or glitches)

% With access to mobile money [PLHIV]

% With mobile phones [PLHIV]

% Of scans that were successful [Clinical Staff]

Average number of scans required [Clinical Staff]

Number/proportion of errors in mobile transfers [Clinical Staff]

Baseline/endline survey

In-depth interviews

mHealth data system

Sustainability

The degree to which the mHealth system might be scalable and sustainable in HIV clinics

Barriers to scale-up [Clinical Staff]

In-depth interviews