Articles

“It’s good to feel like you’re doing something”: a qualitative study examining state health department employees’ views on why ineffective programs continue to be implemented in the USA

Mis-implementation, the inappropriate continuation of programs or policies that are not evidence-based or the inappropriate termination of evidence-based programs and policies, can lead to the inefficient use ...

Authors: Stephanie Mazzucca, Louise Farah Saliba, Romario Smith, Emily Rodriguez Weno, Peg Allen, Margaret Padek and Ross C. Brownson

Barriers to implementation of pediatric emergency department interventions for parental tobacco use and dependence: a qualitative study using the theoretical domains framework

Pediatric emergency department (PED) and urgent care (UC) professionals can play a key role in delivering evidence-based guidelines to address parental tobacco use and child tobacco smoke exposure (TSE). Under...

Authors: Ashley L. Merianos, Kayleigh A. Fiser, E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Michael S. Lyons and Judith S. Gordon

Rates of sustainment in the Universal Stages of Implementation Completion

Sustainment is a desirable outcome of implementation, but its precise definition remains unclear, contributing to the difficulty of identifying a generalized rate of sustainment. Several studies and reviews on...

Authors: Dylan Randall Wong, Holle Schaper and Lisa Saldana

Coordination of sustainable financing for evidence-based youth mental health treatments: protocol for development and evaluation of the fiscal mapping process

Sustained delivery of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) is essential to addressing the public health and economic impacts of youth mental health problems, but is complicated by the limited and fragmented fundin...

Authors: Alex R. Dopp, Marylou Gilbert, Jane Silovsky, Jeanne S. Ringel, Susan Schmidt, Beverly Funderburk, Ashley Jorgensen, Byron J. Powell, Douglas A. Luke, David Mandell, Daniel Edwards, Mellicent Blythe and Dana Hagele

Assessing Causal Pathways and Targets of Implementation Variability for EBP use (Project ACTIVE): a study protocol

Advancing causal implementation theory is critical for designing tailored implementation strategies that target specific mechanisms associated with evidence-based practice (EBP) use. This study will test the g...

Authors: Emily M. Becker-Haimes, David S. Mandell, Jessica Fishman, Nathaniel J. Williams, Courtney Benjamin Wolk, Katherine Wislocki, Danielle Reich, Temma Schaechter, Megan Brady, Natalie J. Maples and Torrey A. Creed

Using a participatory method to test a strategy supporting the implementation of a state policy on screening children for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a Federally Qualified Health Center system: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events occurring before age 18, such as maltreatment or exposure to violence. ACE screening is increasingly recommended to prevent and address phy...

Authors: Monica Perez Jolles, Wendy J. Mack, Christina Reaves, Lisa Saldana, Nicole A. Stadnick, Maria E. Fernandez and Gregory A. Aarons

A mixed-method evaluation of the adoption and implementation of the College Alcohol Intervention Matrix among prevention experts: a study protocol

Risky drinking among college campuses has been a long-standing concern and there have been dedicated efforts to develop evidence-based prevention and treatment strategies (EBSs) to decrease alcohol use and inc...

Authors: Ashley C. Helle, Kenneth J. Sher, Joan Masters, Karla Washington and Kristin M. Hawley

Implementation factors for patient navigation program success: a qualitative study

Patient navigation (PN) is an evidence-based practice that involves assessing and addressing individual barriers to care for patients. While PN has shown effectiveness in numerous studies, designing successful...

Authors: Mandi L. Pratt-Chapman, Rachel Silber, Jeffrey Tang and Phuong Thao D. Le

A peek behind the curtain: exploring coaching styles within the implementation and sustainment facilitation (ISF) strategy in the substance abuse treatment to HIV care study

The Grasha-Riechmann teaching styles, which includes three didactic and two prescriptive styles, have been shown to help enhance learning within educational settings. Although an adaption of the Grasha-Riechma...

Authors: James H. Ford II, Aaron M. Gilson, Martha A. Maurer, Kimberly A. Hoffman and Bryan R. Garner

Strategies to implement SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care testing into primary care settings: a qualitative secondary analysis guided by the Behaviour Change Wheel

The purpose of this study is to develop a theory-driven understanding of the barriers and facilitators underpinning physicians’ attitudes and capabilities to implementing SARS-CoV-2 point-of-care (POC) testing...

Authors: Patrick Kierkegaard, Timothy Hicks, A. Joy Allen, Yaling Yang, Gail Hayward, Margaret Glogowska, Brian D. Nicholson and Peter Buckle

A systematic review of randomized control trials of HPV self-collection studies among women in sub-Saharan Africa using the RE-AIM framework

Self-collection of samples for HPV testing may increase women’s access to cervical cancer screening in low- and middle-income settings. However, implementation remains poor in many regions. The purpose of this...

Authors: Ucheoma Nwaozuru, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Chisom Obi-Jeff, Thembekile Shato, Titilola Gbaja-Biamila, David Oladele, Ifeoma Idigbe, Joseph Tucker, Oliver Ezechi and Juliet Iwelunmor

Implementation of evidence-based guidance for dementia palliative care using participatory action research: examining implementation through the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)

The importance of providing evidence-based palliative care for people with dementia is increasingly acknowledged as important for patient outcomes. In Ireland, evidence-based guidance has been developed in ord...

Authors: Alice Coffey, Irene Hartigan, Suzanne Timmons, Catherine Buckley, Elaine Lehane, Christina O’Loughlin, Selena O’Connell and Nicola Cornally

Good soldiers in implementation: validation of the Implementation Citizenship Behavior Scale and its relation to implementation leadership and intentions to use evidence-based practices

Implementation citizenship behavior (ICB) describes extra-role behaviors performed by employees to support evidence-based practice (EBP) implementation. Such behaviors can be measured using the Implementation ...

Authors: Randi Hovden Borge, Ane-Marthe Solheim Skar, Mathilde Endsjø and Karina M. Egeland

Integrating PrEP delivery in public health family planning clinics: a protocol for a pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomized trial in Kenya

Adolescent girls and young women account for a disproportionate fraction of new HIV infections in Africa and are a priority population for HIV prevention, including provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)...

Authors: Kenneth K. Mugwanya, Daniel Matemo, Caitlin W. Scoville, Kristin M. Beima-Sofie, Allison Meisner, Dickens Onyango, Mary Mugambi, Erika Feutz, Cole Grabow, Ruanne Barnabas, Bryan Weiner, Jared M. Baeten and John Kinuthia

Learning needs assessment for multi-stakeholder implementation science training in LMIC settings: findings and recommendations

Despite significant progress in the field of implementation science (IS), current training programs are inadequate to meet the global need, especially in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Even when trai...

Authors: Mallory Wolfe Turner, Stephanie Bogdewic, Erum Agha, Carrie Blanchard, Rachel Sturke, Audrey Pettifor, Kathryn Salisbury, Andrea Horvath Marques, Marie Lina Excellent, Nitya Rajagopal and Rohit Ramaswamy

Moving beyond Aim Three: a need for a transdisciplinary approach to build capacity for economic evaluations in implementation science

Understanding the costs and economic benefits of implementation has been identified by policymakers and researchers as critical to increase the uptake and sustainment of evidence-based practices, but this topi...

Authors: Miya L. Barnett, Nicole A. Stadnick, Enola K. Proctor, Alex R. Dopp and Lisa Saldana

A theory-based exploration of antibiotic use in primary healthcare in Gezira state, Sudan

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is a major contributing factor to the emergence of antimicrobial resistance globally, including in Sudan.

Authors: Anna-Leena Lohiniva, Einas Elwali, Duha Abuobaida, Ashwag Abdulrahim, Paul Bukuluki and Maha Talaat

Understanding therapists’ perceived determinants of trauma narrative use

Trauma narratives are a critical, exposure-based component of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy, yet community therapists rarely use them. Given evidence that intentions to deliver elements of cognit...

Authors: Hannah E. Frank, Briana S. Last, Reem AlRabiah, Jessica Fishman, Brittany N. Rudd, Hilary E. Kratz, Colleen Harker, Sara Fernandez-Marcote, Kamilah Jackson, Carrie Comeau, Sosunmolu Shoyinka and Rinad S. Beidas

Feasibility of implementing systematic social needs assessment for children with medical complexity

Children with medical complexity (CMC) have inter-related health and social needs; however, interventions to identify and respond to social needs have not been adapted for CMC. The objective of this study was ...

Authors: David Y. Ming, Kelley A. Jones, Elizabeth Sainz, Heidie Tkach, Amy Stewart, Ashley Cram, Madlyn C. Morreale, Samantha Dizon and Neal A. deJong

Building implementation capacity in health care and welfare through team training—study protocol of a longitudinal mixed-methods evaluation of the building implementation capacity intervention

To ensure the provision of high-quality safety and cost-effective health and welfare services, managers and professionals are required to introduce and ensure the routine use of clinical guidelines and other e...

Authors: Hanna Augustsson, Veronica-Aurelia Costea, Leif Eriksson, Henna Hasson, Annika Bäck, Mårten Åhström and Anna Bergström

Improving implementation of smoking cessation guidelines in pregnancy care: development of an intervention to address system, maternity service leader and clinician factors

Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of multiple serious adverse infant, child and maternal outcomes, yet nearly 10% of Australian women still smoke during pregnancy. Despite evidence-based guidelines t...

Authors: Megan E. Passey, Catherine Adams, Christine Paul, Lou Atkins and Jo M. Longman

Scaling up sexually transmissible infections point-of-care testing in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: healthcare workers’ perceptions of the barriers and facilitators

Sexually transmissible infections (STIs), such as gonorrhoea and chlamydia, are highly prevalent, particularly in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities in Australia. In these settings, due t...

Authors: Lise Lafferty, Kirsty Smith, Louise Causer, Kelly Andrewartha, David Whiley, Steven G. Badman, Basil Donovan, Lorraine Anderson, Annie Tangey, Donna Mak, Lisa Maher, Mark Shephard and Rebecca Guy

Mobile health interventions for HIV/STI prevention among youth in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): a systematic review of studies reporting implementation outcomes

Advances and proliferation of technologies such as mobile phones may provide opportunities to improve access to HIV/STI services and reach young people with high risk for HIV and STI. However, the reach, uptak...

Authors: Ucheoma Nwaozuru, Chisom Obiezu-Umeh, Thembekile Shato, Florida Uzoaru, Stacey Mason, Victoria Carter, Sunita Manu, Karan Modi, Jessica Parker, Oliver Ezechi and Juliet Iwelunmor

Audit feedback interventions to address high-risk prescriptions in long-term care homes: a costing study and return on investment analysis

Audit and feedback is a common implementation strategy, but few studies describe its costs. ‘MyPractice’ is a province-wide audit and feedback initiative to improve prescribing in nursing homes. This study sou...

Authors: Kednapa Thavorn, Srishti Kumar, Catherine Reis, Jonathan Lam, Gail Dobell, Cara Mulhall, Jeremy M. Grimshaw and Noah Ivers

Learning from the “tail end” of de-implementation: the case of chemical castration for localized prostate cancer

Men with prostate cancer are often treated with the suppression of testosterone through long-acting injectable drugs termed chemical castration or androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). In most cases, ADT is not ...

Authors: Ted A. Skolarus, Jane Forman, Jordan B. Sparks, Tabitha Metreger, Sarah T. Hawley, Megan V. Caram, Lesly Dossett, Alan Paniagua-Cruz, Danil V. Makarov, John T. Leppert, Jeremy B. Shelton, Kristian D. Stensland, Brent K. Hollenbeck, Vahakn Shahinian, Anne E. Sales and Daniela A. Wittmann

Cost analysis of a coaching intervention to increase use of transradial percutaneous coronary intervention

The transradial approach (TRA) to cardiac catheterization is safer than the traditional transfemoral approach (TFA), with similar clinical effectiveness. However, adoption of TRA remains low, representing less...

Authors: Kevin I. Duan, Christian D. Helfrich, Sunil V. Rao, Emily L. Neely, Christine A. Sulc, Diana Naranjo and Edwin S. Wong

Correction to: Bridging the evidence-to-practice gap: a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial evaluating practice facilitation as a strategy to accelerate translation of a multi-level adherence intervention into safety net practices

Authors: Antoinette Schoenthaler, Franzenith De La Calle, Amanda Soto, Derrel Barrett, Jocelyn Cruz, Leydi Payano, Marina Rosado, Samrachana Adhikari, Gbenga Ogedegbe and Milagros Rosal

Hypertension care cascade at a large urban HIV clinic in Uganda: a mixed methods study using the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation for Behavior change (COM-B) model

Persons living with HIV (PLHIV) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and increased risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases. HTN and HIV care integration is...

Authors: Martin Muddu, Isaac Ssinabulya, Simon P. Kigozi, Rebecca Ssennyonjo, Florence Ayebare, Rodgers Katwesigye, Mary Mbuliro, Isaac Kimera, Chris T. Longenecker, Moses R. Kamya, Jeremy I. Schwartz, Anne R. Katahoire and Fred C. Semitala

German translation and pre-testing of Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC)

Implementation frameworks may support local implementation strategies with a sound theoretical foundation. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) facilitates identification of contextual ba...

Authors: Verena Regauer, Eva Seckler, Craig Campbell, Amanda Phillips, Thomas Rotter, Petra Bauer and Martin Müller

Initial validation of a self-report questionnaire based on the Theoretical Domains Framework: determinants of clinician adoption of a novel colorectal cancer screening strategy

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening for average risk adults age 45 and older continues to be underutilized in the USA. One factor consistently associated with CRC screening completion is clinician recommendation...

Authors: Xuan Zhu, Minji K. Lee, Emily Weiser, Joan M. Griffin, Paul J. Limburg and Lila J. Finney Rutten

An implementation intervention to increase the routine provision of antenatal care addressing gestational weight gain: study protocol for a stepped-wedge cluster trial

Weight gain during pregnancy that is outside of recommended levels is associated with a range of adverse outcomes for the mother and child, including gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, and obe...

Authors: Melanie Kingsland, Jenna Hollis, Eva Farragher, Luke Wolfenden, Karen Campbell, Craig Pennell, Penny Reeves, Belinda Tully, Justine Daly, John Attia, Christopher Oldmeadow, Mandy Hunter, Henry Murray, Francesco Paolucci, Maralyn Foureur, Chris Rissel…

Development of a theory-based video-game intervention to increase advance care planning conversations by healthcare providers

Hospitalization offers an opportunity for healthcare providers to initiate advance care planning (ACP) conversations, yet such conversations occur infrequently. Barriers to these conversations include attitude...

Authors: Deepika Mohan, Meredith A. MacMartin, Julia S. C. Chelen, Carolyn B. Maezes and Amber E. Barnato

Rapid-cycle systems modeling to support evidence-informed decision-making during system-wide implementation

To “model and simulate change” is an accepted strategy to support implementation at scale. Much like a power analysis can inform decisions about study design, simulation models offer an analytic strategy to synth...

Authors: R. Christopher Sheldrick, Gracelyn Cruden, Ana J. Schaefer and Thomas I. Mackie

Fidelity of kangaroo mother care services in the public health facilities in Bangladesh: a cross-sectional mixed-method study

Kangaroo mother care (KMC) is a proven low-cost intervention to prevent neonatal mortality of pre-term and low birth weight babies and is very relevant to Bangladesh. KMC provides thermal regulation and thus d...

Authors: Saima Mehjabeen, Mowtushi Matin, Rajat Das Gupta, Ipsita Sutradhar, Yameen Mazumder, Minjoon Kim, Shamina Sharmin, Jahurul Islam and Malabika Sarker

Integrating social determinants of health screening and referral during routine emergency department care: evaluation of reach and implementation challenges

Despite the importance of social determinants in health outcomes, little is known about the best practices for screening and referral during clinical encounters. This study aimed to implement universal social ...

Authors: Andrea S. Wallace, Brenda L. Luther, Shawna M. Sisler, Bob Wong and Jia-Wen Guo

Centralized colorectal cancer screening outreach and patient navigation for vulnerable populations in North Carolina: study protocol for the SCORE randomized controlled trial

Although colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is effective in reducing CRC mortality, screening rates in vulnerable populations served by community health centers (CHCs) remain below national targets. CHCs in Nor...

Authors: Teri L. Malo, Sara Y. Correa, Alexis A. Moore, Renée M. Ferrari, Jennifer Leeman, Alison T. Brenner, Stephanie B. Wheeler, Xianming Tan and Daniel S. Reuland

Closing the know-do gap for child health: UNICEF’s experiences from embedding implementation research in child health and nutrition programming

UNICEF operates in 190 countries and territories, where it advocates for the protection of children’s rights and helps meet children’s basic needs to reach their full potential. Embedded implementation researc...

Authors: Debra Jackson, A. S. M. Shahabuddin, Alyssa B. Sharkey, Karin Källander, Maria Muñiz, Remy Mwamba, Elevanie Nyankesha, Robert W. Scherpbier, Andreas Hasman, Yarlini Balarajan, Kerry Albright, Priscilla Idele and Stefan Swartling Peterson

Sustainment of proactive physical therapy for individuals with early-stage Parkinson’s disease: a quality improvement study over 4 years

Implementation science frameworks aided the development of a new, evidence-based clinical physical therapy program. The purpose of this report is to describe the process of sustaining a clinical program in pra...

Authors: Jillian MacDonald, Laura Doyle, Jennifer L. Moore and Miriam R. Rafferty

A mixed-methods study of multi-level factors influencing mammography overuse among an older ethnically diverse screening population: implications for de-implementation

There is growing concern that routine mammography screening is overused among older women. Successful and equitable de-implementation of mammography will require a multi-level understanding of the factors cont...

Authors: Jessica D. Austin, Parisa Tehranifar, Carmen B. Rodriguez, Laura Brotzman, Mariangela Agovino, Danya Ziazadeh, Nathalie Moise and Rachel C. Shelton

Preparing a financial incentive program to improve retention in HIV care and viral suppression for scale: using an implementation science framework to evaluate an mHealth system in Tanzania

Viral suppression is key to ending the HIV epidemic, yet only 58% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa are suppressed. Cash transfers are an effective strategy to improve retention in care, ...

Authors: Laura Packel, Carolyn Fahey, Atuganile Kalinjila, Agatha Mnyippembe, Prosper Njau and Sandra I. McCoy

De-implementation and substitution of clinical care processes: stakeholder perspectives on the transition to primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for cervical cancer screening

New cervical cancer screening guidelines recommend primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for women age 30–65 years. Healthcare organizations are preparing to de-implement the previous recommended strategi...

Authors: Erin E. Hahn, Corrine Munoz-Plaza, Danielle E. Altman, Chunyi Hsu, Nancy T. Cannizzaro, Quyen Ngo-Metzger, Patricia Wride, Michael K. Gould, Brian S. Mittman, Melissa Hodeib, Krishnansu S. Tewari, Lena H. Ajamian, Ramez N. Eskander, Devansu Tewari and Chun R. Chao

The effect of caregiver key opinion leaders on increasing caregiver demand for evidence-based practices to treat youth anxiety: protocol for a randomized control trial

Research has identified cognitive behavioral therapy with exposures (CBT) as an effective treatment for youth anxiety. Despite implementation efforts, few anxious youth receive CBT. Direct-to-consumer marketin...

Authors: Margaret E. Crane, Marc S. Atkins, Sara J. Becker, Jonathan Purtle, Thomas M. Olino and Philip C. Kendall

Facilitators and barriers to clinical practice guideline-consistent supportive care at pediatric oncology institutions: a Children’s Oncology Group study

Clinical practice guideline (CPG)-consistent care improves patient outcomes, but CPG implementation is poor. Little is known about CPG implementation in pediatric oncology. This study aimed to understand suppo...

Authors: Aaron J. Sugalski, Tammy Lo, Melissa Beauchemin, Allison C. Grimes, Paula D. Robinson, Alexandra M. Walsh, Nancy Santesso, Ha Dang, Brian T. Fisher, Andrea Rothfus Wrightson, Lolie C. Yu, Lillian Sung and L. Lee Dupuis

Implementation of a central-line bundle: a qualitative study of three clinical units

Evidence for the central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) bundle effectiveness remains mixed, possibly reflecting implementation challenges and persistent ambiguities in how CLABSIs are counted a...

Authors: Joanne Goldman, Leahora Rotteau, Kaveh G. Shojania, G. Ross Baker, Paula Rowland, Marlys K. Christianson, Timothy J. Vogus, Connie Cameron and Maitreya Coffey

Development of an intervention to support the implementation of evidence-based strategies for optimising antibiotic prescribing in general practice

Trials show that antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies, including communication skills training, point-of-care C-reactive protein testing (POC-CRPT) and delayed prescriptions, help optimise antibiotic pre...

Authors: Aleksandra J. Borek, Anne Campbell, Elle Dent, Michael Moore, Christopher C. Butler, Alison Holmes, A. Sarah Walker, Monsey McLeod and Sarah Tonkin-Crine

Daily weekday audit and feedback to clinicians for an inpatient intervention in obstetrics: is there sustained impact over the weekend? A secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study

Audit and feedback as an implementation strategy leads to small, but potentially important improvements in practice. Yet, audit and feedback is time and personnel intensive. Many interventions designed for inp...

Authors: Rebecca F. Hamm, Lisa D. Levine, Meghan Lane-Fall and Rinad Beidas

Understanding barriers and facilitators to implementation of psychosocial care within orthopedic trauma centers: a qualitative study with multidisciplinary stakeholders from geographically diverse settings

Psychosocial factors are pivotal in recovery after acute orthopedic traumatic injuries. Addressing psychosocial factors is an important opportunity for preventing persistent pain and disability. We aim to iden...

Authors: Ana-Maria Vranceanu, Jafar Bakhshaie, Mira Reichman, James Doorley, Ryan A. Mace, Cale Jacobs, Mitchel Harris, Kristin R. Archer, David Ring and A. Rani Elwy

Identifying and understanding the contextual factors that shaped mid-implementation outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic in organizations implementing mental health recovery innovations into services

Seven housing and health services organizations were guided through a process of translating Chapter Six of the Canadian Guidelines for Recovery-Oriented Practice into a recovery-oriented innovation and plan f...

Authors: Myra Piat, Megan Wainwright, Danielle Cherkas, Sébastien Leblanc, Eleni Sofouli, Marie-Pier Rivest, Hélène Albert, Regina Casey, Joseph J. O’Rourke and Lise Labonté

Comparing inductive and deductive analysis techniques to understand health service implementation problems: a case study of childhood vaccination barriers

Effective implementation requires a comprehensive understanding of individual, organisational and system determinants. This study aimed to compare inductive and deductive analysis techniques to understand a co...

Authors: Carissa Bonner, Jane Tuckerman, Jessica Kaufman, Daniel Costa, David N. Durrheim, Lyndal Trevena, Susan Thomas and Margie Danchin

Aligning implementation science with improvement practice: a call to action

In several recent articles, authors have called for aligning the fields of implementation and improvement science. In this paper, we call for implementation science to also align with improvement practice. Multip...

Authors: Jennifer Leeman, Catherine Rohweder, Matthew Lee, Alison Brenner, Andrea Dwyer, Linda K. Ko, Meghan C. O’Leary, Grace Ryan, Thuy Vu and Shoba Ramanadhan