Table 1 Summary of aggregated perceptual differences on the ILS and ICS by unit (N = 22)

 Total scale

0.22 (0.73)

.970, −1.95

2.77 (0.40)

2.79 (0.52)

−.251

  Proactive leadership

0.27 (.890)

1.55, −1.61

2.30 (0.65)

2.57 (0.50)

−.162

  Knowledgeable leadership

0.33 (0.77)*

1.59, −1.87

2.57 (0.50)

2.90 (0.54)

−.099

  Supportive leadership

−0.29 (0.78)*

0.89, −2.20

3.27 (0.51)

2.97 (0.49)

−.210

  Perseverant leadership

−0.19 (0.99)

1.00, −2.13

2.93 (0.43)

2.74 (0.56)

−.268

 Total scale

−0.06 (0.85)

2.10, −0.98

2.22 (0.65)

2.16 (0.43)

−.208

  Focus on EBP

−0.07 (1.02)

1.27, −2.60

2.66 (0.81)

2.58 (0.43)

−.308

  Educational support for EBP

−0.08 (1.17)

1.92, −2.57

2.28 (0.86)

2.20 (0.46)

−.493*

  Recognition for EBP

0.07 (1.10)

1.61, −2.06

2.24 (0.84)

2.31 (0.42)

−.215

  Rewards for EBP

0.23 (1.01)

1.67, −2.57

1.09 (0.98)

1.32 (0.54)

.213

  Selection for EBP

0.15 (1.09)

2.25, −2.26

2.01 (0.86)

2.16 (0.49)

−.218

  Selection for openness

−0.29 (0.84)

1.06, −2.27

2.71 (0.69)

2.41 (0.46)

−.030