Table 4 Characteristics of implementation domains for all included grants, and by whether or not they were engaged research
| Â | Number (% of total grants N = 103) | Number (% of grants with engagement n = 90) | Number (% of grants without engagement n = 13) |
|---|---|---|---|
Study type | |||
 Dissemination | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
 Implementation | 76 (74) | 65 (72) | 11 (85) |
 De-implementation | 2 (2) | 2 (2) | 0 (0) |
 Both D&I | 23 (22) | 23 (26) | 0 (0) |
 Modeling only | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | 2 (15) |
Phase of implementationa | |||
 Pre-implementation | 41 (40) | 37 (41) | 4 (31) |
 Describe implementation process/factors | 68 (66) | 60 (67) | 8 (62) |
 Tests implementation strategy(ies) | 59 (57) | 55 (61) | 4 (31) |
 Scale up | 19 (18) | 18 (20) | 1 (8) |
 Sustainability | 18 (17) | 17 (19) | 1 (8) |
 Measurement development | 6 (6) | 6 (7) | 0 (0) |
 Mechanisms and pathways | 18 (17) | 17 (19) | 1 (8) |
Study designa | |||
 Case study | 3 (3) | 3 (3) | 0 (0) |
 Experimental | 64 (62) | 57 (63) | 7 (54) |
 Quasi-experimental | 7 (7) | 6 (7) | 1 (8) |
 Observational | 36 (35) | 33 (37) | 3 (23) |
 Pre-post | 6 (6) | 5 (6) | 1 (8) |
 Modeling | 8 (8) | 6 (7) | 2 (15) |
 Other | 8 (8) | 8 (9) | 0 (0) |
Hybrid study | |||
 Type 1 | 23 (22) | 22 (24) | 1 (8) |
 Type 2 | 24 (23) | 18 (20) | 6 (46) |
 Type 3 | 13 (13) | 12 (13) | 1 (8) |
 Not hybrid | 43 (42) | 38 (42) | 5 (38) |
Theorya | |||
 Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) | 43 (42) | 38 (42) | 4 (31) |
 Reach, Effectiveness-Adoption Implementation, Maintenance (RE-AIM) or Practical  Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM) | 35 (34) | 29 (32) | 6 (46) |
 Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS) | 12 (12) | 8 (9) | 2 (15) |
 Others | 57 (55) | 54 (60) | 3 (23) |
 None | 8 (8) | 6 (7) | 2 (15) |
Implementation dtrategiesa | |||
 Adapt and tailor to context | 50 (49) | 45 (50) | 5 (38) |
 Change infrastructure | 15 (15) | 13 (14) | 2 (15) |
 Develop partner interrelationships | 35 (34) | 32 (36) | 3 (23) |
 Engage consumers | 37 (36) | 36 (40) | 1 (8) |
 Provide interactive assistance | 32 (31) | 29 (32) | 3 (23) |
 Support clinicians/service providers | 27 (26) | 26 (29) | 1 (8) |
 Train and educate partners | 46 (45) | 43 (48) | 3 (23) |
 Use evaluative and iterative strategies | 51 (50) | 47 (52) | 3 (23) |
 Utilize financial strategies | 10 (10) | 9 (10) | 1 (8) |
 Other | 6 (6) | 5 (6) | 1 (8) |
 None | 6 (6) | 3 (3) | 3 (23) |