Table 1 Search strategy for MEDLINE

1. randomized controlled trial.pt

2. controlled clinical trial.pt

3. randomly.ab

4. trial.tw

5. (randomized or randomised).ab

6. placebo.ab

7. clinical trials as topic/

8. 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7

9. (abandon* or delist* or de-list* or disinvest* or dis-invest* or discontinu* or dis-continu* or decommission* or de-commission* or deadopt* or de-adopt* or de-implement* or deimplement* or withdraw* or decreas* or re-invest* or reinvest* or declin* or chang* or realloc* or re-alloc*or remov* or replac* or stop* or reduc* or “do not do”).tw

10. ((inappropriate or unnecessary or excess* or ineffective or overus* or nonrecommended or unrecommended or “not recommended” or “low-value” or “low-value”) adj3 (prescrib$ or prescript$ or treatment? or care or practice? or service? or management)).tw

11. (behaviour change or behavioural change or behaviour* intervention? or behaviour* modification? or behaviour* strateg* or behaviour* techniques? or behaviour* tool? or behaviour* plan? or behaviour* program* or behavior change or behavioral change or behavior* intervention? or behavior* modification? or behavior* strateg* or behavior* technique? or behavior* tool? or behavior* plan? or behavior* program* or intervention? or strateg* or technique? or modification? or tool? or plan? or program*).tw

12. 9 and 10 and 11

13. (secondary care or hospital? or inpatient? or in-patient? or out-patient? or outpatient? or hospitalized or hospitalised or hospital patient).tw

14. exp Secondary care/

15. exp Hospitals/

16. 13 or 14 or 15

17. 8 and 12 and 16