Table 1 NPT mechanisms following Finch et al. [12]

Coherence

… the sense-making of an innovation to its users. These mechanisms are activated by participants’ investments in meaning.

Cognitive participation

… users’ engagement and legitimisation of a practice. These processes are fuelled by participants’ investments of commitment.

Collective action

… the enactment of an innovation by its users. These processes are energized by participants’ investments of endeavour.

Reflexive monitoring

… users’ understanding of the implications of a practice. These processes are stimulated by participants’ investments in assessment and valuation.