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Table 3 Barriers and facilitators for the implementation of smoking cessation interventions

From: Smoking cessation interventions and implementations across multiple settings in Japan: a scoping review and supplemental survey

 

Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) constructs

ITV components

ITV level

1. Intervention characteristics

2. Outer setting

3. Inner setting

4. Individual characteristics

5. Process

Barriers

Approach to population

  Smoke-free policies

Relative advantage < Clinical > [46]†

Patient needs and resources < Clinical > [46]†

 

Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention < Clinical > [71†]

 
 

External policy and incentive

 < Clinical > [71†]

   

Approach to individual adults

  Behavioral counseling and cessation medication

 

Patient needs and resources

 < Clinical > 

[70†, 71†, 72†]

Compatibility < Clinical > 

[70†, 71†]

Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention < Clinical > 

[66†, 70†, 71†, 72†]

 
 

External policy and incentive < Clinical > [71†]

Available resources < Clinical > [65†, 69†, 70†, 71†, 72†]

Self-efficacy

 < Clinical > [70†]

 
   

Other personal attributes < Community > 

[66†, 70]

 

Facilitators

Approach to population

  Smoke-free policies

Evidence strength and quality

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

Cosmopolitanism

 < Workplace, School > [73]

Relative priority

 < Community > [68†]

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention

 < Community > [67†]

Formally appointed internal implementation leaders

 < Workplace, School > [73]

 

Patient needs and resources

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

   
 

External policy and incentive

 < Community > 

[27, 28]

   

  Public awareness about tobacco consumption risk and benefits of tobacco cessation

Evidence strength and quality

 < Community > 

[27, 28]

Cosmopolitanism

 < Workplace, School > [73]

Relative priority

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

 < Community > [27, 28]

Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention < Community > [67†]

Formally appointed internal implementation leaders

 < Workplace, School > [73]

Cost

 < Community > 

[27, 28]

Patient needs and resources

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

 

Individual stage of change

 < Community > [67†]

 
 

External policy and incentive

 < Community > 

[27,28

]

 

Other personal attributes

 < Community > 

[67†]

 

Approach to individual adults

  Behavioral counseling and cessation medication

Evidence strength and quality

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

 < Community > 

[27, 28]

Patient needs and resources

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

Relative priority < Community > 

[68†,27,28]

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

Knowledge and beliefs about the intervention

 < Clinical > [63†, 64†]

 < Community > [67†]

 

Cost

 < Community > 

[27, 28]

 

Access to knowledge and information

 < Community > [66†]

Self-efficacy

 < Clinical > [64†]

 < Community > [66†]

 
   

Individual stage of change < Community > [67†]

 
   

Other personal attributes

 < Community > [67†]

 

  Web or internet-based intervention

Evidence strength and quality

 < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

Patient needs and resources < Workplace > 

[27, 28]

Relative priority

 < Workplace > [27, 28]

  
  1. Original research, <  > refers to the setting