Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies
Author (year) | Country | Income category | Setting | Participants |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Chadha 2014 [31] | India | LMI | Not reported | Medical officers |
Evenblij 2016 [32] | Netherlands | HI | Public HIV treatment centres | Physicians |
Farhoudi 2017 [9] | Iran | LMI | Public prison facility outside the city | Prison healthcare officers, physicians, infectious disease specialists, experts on jail diseases and prison governors |
Jia 2016 [33] | China | UMI | Rural and urban outpatient and inpatient settings | CDC TB heads, insurance managers, healthcare managers and healthcare workers |
Joseph 2004 [8] | USA | HI | Rural and urban health departments and hospitals | Clinical, janitorial, administrative and clerical staff |
Kerrigan 2018 [34] | South Africa | UMI | General primary healthcare clinics | Patients and healthcare workers |
Mala 2014 [35] | Ethiopia | LI | Public out and inpatient settings | TB service providers |
McDowell 2018 [36] | India | LMI | Urban public and private health settings | Physicians |
Rendell 2017 [37] | Mongolia | LMI | Public out and inpatient settings | Healthcare workers and administrative staff |
Siddiqi 2008 [29] | Cuba, Peru, Bolivia | UMI and LMI | Peri-urban primary care settings | Healthcare workers |
Spruijt 2019 [38] | Netherlands | HI | Public health service settings | TB service providers |
Wei 2010 [39] | China | UMI | Public out and inpatient settings | TB suspects, Hospital managers and healthcare workers |
Nagar 2020 [40] | India | LMI | Public and private out and inpatient settings | Orthopaedic surgeons/physicians |
Mulder 2012 [7] | Netherlands | HI | Public outpatient health facilities | Public health nurses |
Biermann 2020 [30] | Global | UMI, LMI and LI | Not reported | Stakeholders involved in ACF policy development and implementation |
Biermann 2020 [5] | 30 high TB-burden countries | LMI, UMI and LI | Not reported | National TB Programme (NTP) managers |
Singh 2021 [41] | India | LMI | Not reported | TB service providers |
Nalugwa 2020 [42] | Uganda | LI | Public out and inpatient settings | Front-line Study staff, field notes from study staff |
Oliwa 2020 [43] | Kenya | LMI | Out and inpatients | TB service providers |
Naidoo 2015 [6] | South Africa | UMI | Public outpatient health facilities | Patients |
Mwaura 2021[44] | Kenya, Uganda, and South Africa | LMI, LI and UMI | Private and public facilities | TB service providers, programme officers, and patient advocates |
Kuznetsov 2016 [45] | Russia | UMI | Public outpatient health facilities | Directors and managers of facilities and TB service providers |
Kanakaraju 2020 [46] | India | LMI | Public out and inpatient settings | TB service providers |
Gray 2022 [47] | United Kingdom | HI | Public inpatient and outpatient (hospital-based) | Non-public health clinicians: consultants in respiratory medicine and infectious disease Public Health clinicians TB clinical nurse Specialist |
Szkwarko 2022 [48] | USA | HI | Public and Private facilities Outpatient settings | Primary Care Providers: Physicians, physician’s assistants, and nurse practitioners. |